The struggle against poverty, war & occupation

Rediscovering Tanzania’s Ujamaa
Tribute to the Great Ntimbanjayo Millinga and the Ruvuma Development Association

Obituary Ntimbanjayo Millinga


Ntimbanjayo Millinga

In the 1960s, a great anti-imperialist movement swept the world. President Julius Nyerere urged Tanzanians to reject capitalist exploitation, and build a society based on African communalism. Ntimbanjayo Millinga with a few others and hardly any funding put these views into practice and built an extraordinary rural society based on equity between women and men, young and old. By 1969, 17 ujamaa villages had formed the Ruvuma Development Association (RDA). But the governing party was so hostile to grassroots power that, against Nyerere’s will, they closed it down. Tragically, Millinga died in 2008. But the RDA he led is a beacon in our struggle today.


Conrada Millinga,
colleague and widow of Ntimbanjayo Millinga


Suleman Toroka, Head-teacher of RDA


Ralph Ibbott
, British colleague who with his wife Noreen Ibbott helped build RDA. A statement from Mrs Ibbott was read at the event.


Selma James
, who reclaimed RDA for the movement today.


Conrada Millinga, Ralph Ibbott, Suleman Toroka
with others
including representatives from the
Tanzanian High Commission

David Edwards, researcher on sustainable development who has written about the RDA